A stepper motor is a type of electric motor that converts electrical pulses into mechanical movement. Its fundamental principle involves sequentially applying electrical current to different coils, causing the motor's rotor to rotate in discrete steps, with each pulse turning the rotor by a fixed angle (known as the step angle).
How It Works:
Pulse Control: The stepper motor receives pulse signals from a controller; each pulse causes the motor to turn a specific angle.
Stator and Rotor: Inside the motor, there are multiple electromagnetic coils (stator) and a rotor with magnets. By activating the coils in sequence, the rotor is attracted and rotates to the next position.
Precise Control: Stepper motors can control position and speed with high precision, making them ideal for applications like 3D printers, CNC machines, and robotics.
Differences from Other Motors:
Rotation Method: Stepper motors rotate in discrete steps, while DC and AC motors rotate continuously.
Control Method: Stepper motors are controlled by pulse signals, whereas DC and AC motors typically control speed and direction by adjusting voltage and frequency.
Feedback System: Stepper motors often operate in an open-loop control system without feedback, while servo motors use closed-loop systems with feedback sensors for position and speed.
Applications:
Due to their accuracy and controllability, stepper motors are widely used in robotics, automation equipment, printers, medical devices, and more.
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